centre sampling - определение. Что такое centre sampling
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Что (кто) такое centre sampling - определение

DEVICE FOR MONITORING DRINKING WATER
Water Sampling Stations; Water sampling stations
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Snowball sampling         
NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Snowball sample; Respondent-driven sampling; Snowball method; Snowballed sample
In sociology and statistics research, snowball sampling (or chain sampling, chain-referral sampling, referral sampling (accessed 8 May 2011).Snowball Sampling, Changing Minds.
Nyquist Theorem         
  • the sampled sequences are identical}}, even though the original continuous pre-sampled functions are not. If these were audio signals, <math>x(t)</math> and <math>x_A(t)</math> might not sound the same. But their samples (taken at rate ''f''<sub>s</sub>) are identical and would lead to identical reproduced sounds; thus ''x''<sub>A</sub>(''t'') is an alias of ''x''(''t'') at this sample rate.
  • The samples of two sine waves can be identical when at least one of them is at a frequency above half the sample rate.
  • A family of sinusoids at the critical frequency, all having the same sample sequences of alternating +1 and –1. That is, they all are aliases of each other, even though their frequency is not above half the sample rate.
  • Properly sampled image
  • Subsampled image showing a [[Moiré pattern]]
  • The figure on the left shows a function (in gray/black) being sampled and reconstructed (in gold) at steadily increasing sample-densities, while the figure on the right shows the frequency spectrum of the gray/black function, which does not change. The highest frequency in the spectrum is ½ the width of the entire spectrum. The width of the steadily-increasing pink shading is equal to the sample-rate. When it encompasses the entire frequency spectrum it is twice as large as the highest frequency, and that is when the reconstructed waveform matches the sampled one.
  • Spectrum, ''X<sub>s</sub>''(''f''), of a properly sampled bandlimited signal (blue) and the adjacent DTFT images (green) that do not overlap. A ''brick-wall'' low-pass filter, ''H''(''f''), removes the images, leaves the original spectrum, ''X''(''f''), and recovers the original signal from its samples.
  • x}}.
THEOREM
Nyquist theorem; Shannon sampling theorem; Nyquist sampling theorem; Nyquist's theorem; Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem; Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem; Nyqvist-Shannon sampling theorem; Sampling theorem; Nyquist Sampling Theorem; Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem; Nyquist–Shannon theorem; Nyquist–Shannon Theorem; Nyquist Theorem; Shannon-Nyquist theorem; Nyquist sampling; Nyquist's law; Nyquist law; Coherent sampling; Nyqvist limit; Raabe condition; Nyquist-Shannon Theorem; Nyquist-Shannon theorem; Nyquist noise theorem; Shannon–Nyquist theorem; Kotelnikov-Shannon theorem; Kotelnikov–Shannon theorem; Nyquist-Shannon; Kotelnikov theorem; Nyquist's sampling theorem; Sampling Theorem; Nyquist Shannon theorem; Nyquist–Shannon–Kotelnikov sampling theorem; Whittaker–Shannon–Kotelnikov sampling theorem; Whittaker–Nyquist–Kotelnikov–Shannon sampling theorem; Nyquist-Shannon-Kotelnikov sampling theorem; Whittaker-Shannon-Kotelnikov sampling theorem; Whittaker-Nyquist-Kotelnikov-Shannon sampling theorem; Cardinal theorem of interpolation; WKS sampling theorem; Whittaker–Kotelnikow–Shannon sampling theorem; Whittaker-Kotelnikow-Shannon sampling theorem; Nyquist–Shannon–Kotelnikov; Whittaker–Shannon–Kotelnikov; Whittaker–Nyquist–Kotelnikov–Shannon; Nyquist-Shannon-Kotelnikov; Whittaker-Shannon-Kotelnikov; Whittaker-Nyquist-Kotelnikov-Shannon; Whittaker–Shannon sampling theorem; Whittaker–Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem; Whittaker-Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem; Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem
<communications> A theorem stating that when an analogue waveform is digitised, only the frequencies in the waveform below half the sampling frequency will be recorded. In order to reconstruct (interpolate) a signal from a sequence of samples, sufficient samples must be recorded to capture the peaks and troughs of the original waveform. If a waveform is sampled at less than twice its frequency the reconstructed waveform will effectively contribute only noise. This phenomenon is called "aliasing" (the high frequencies are "under an alias"). This is why the best digital audio is sampled at 44,000 Hz - twice the average upper limit of human hearing. The Nyquist Theorem is not specific to digitised signals (represented by discrete amplitude levels) but applies to any sampled signal (represented by discrete time values), not just sound. {Nyquist (http://geocities.com/bioelectrochemistry/nyquist.htm)} (the man, somewhat inaccurate). (2003-10-21)
Ewens's sampling formula         
SAMPLING FORMULA WHICH DESCRIBES THE PROBABILITIES OF ALLELES IN A SAMPLE
Ewens' sampling formula; Ewens sampling formula; Ewens distribution; Ewens sampling; Ewens's Sampling Formula; Ewens Sampling Formula; Ewens Distribution; Ewens formula
In population genetics, Ewens's sampling formula, describes the probabilities associated with counts of how many different alleles are observed a given number of times in the sample.
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem         
  • the sampled sequences are identical}}, even though the original continuous pre-sampled functions are not. If these were audio signals, <math>x(t)</math> and <math>x_A(t)</math> might not sound the same. But their samples (taken at rate ''f''<sub>s</sub>) are identical and would lead to identical reproduced sounds; thus ''x''<sub>A</sub>(''t'') is an alias of ''x''(''t'') at this sample rate.
  • The samples of two sine waves can be identical when at least one of them is at a frequency above half the sample rate.
  • A family of sinusoids at the critical frequency, all having the same sample sequences of alternating +1 and –1. That is, they all are aliases of each other, even though their frequency is not above half the sample rate.
  • Properly sampled image
  • Subsampled image showing a [[Moiré pattern]]
  • The figure on the left shows a function (in gray/black) being sampled and reconstructed (in gold) at steadily increasing sample-densities, while the figure on the right shows the frequency spectrum of the gray/black function, which does not change. The highest frequency in the spectrum is ½ the width of the entire spectrum. The width of the steadily-increasing pink shading is equal to the sample-rate. When it encompasses the entire frequency spectrum it is twice as large as the highest frequency, and that is when the reconstructed waveform matches the sampled one.
  • Spectrum, ''X<sub>s</sub>''(''f''), of a properly sampled bandlimited signal (blue) and the adjacent DTFT images (green) that do not overlap. A ''brick-wall'' low-pass filter, ''H''(''f''), removes the images, leaves the original spectrum, ''X''(''f''), and recovers the original signal from its samples.
  • x}}.
THEOREM
Nyquist theorem; Shannon sampling theorem; Nyquist sampling theorem; Nyquist's theorem; Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem; Nyquist-Shannon Sampling Theorem; Nyqvist-Shannon sampling theorem; Sampling theorem; Nyquist Sampling Theorem; Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem; Nyquist–Shannon theorem; Nyquist–Shannon Theorem; Nyquist Theorem; Shannon-Nyquist theorem; Nyquist sampling; Nyquist's law; Nyquist law; Coherent sampling; Nyqvist limit; Raabe condition; Nyquist-Shannon Theorem; Nyquist-Shannon theorem; Nyquist noise theorem; Shannon–Nyquist theorem; Kotelnikov-Shannon theorem; Kotelnikov–Shannon theorem; Nyquist-Shannon; Kotelnikov theorem; Nyquist's sampling theorem; Sampling Theorem; Nyquist Shannon theorem; Nyquist–Shannon–Kotelnikov sampling theorem; Whittaker–Shannon–Kotelnikov sampling theorem; Whittaker–Nyquist–Kotelnikov–Shannon sampling theorem; Nyquist-Shannon-Kotelnikov sampling theorem; Whittaker-Shannon-Kotelnikov sampling theorem; Whittaker-Nyquist-Kotelnikov-Shannon sampling theorem; Cardinal theorem of interpolation; WKS sampling theorem; Whittaker–Kotelnikow–Shannon sampling theorem; Whittaker-Kotelnikow-Shannon sampling theorem; Nyquist–Shannon–Kotelnikov; Whittaker–Shannon–Kotelnikov; Whittaker–Nyquist–Kotelnikov–Shannon; Nyquist-Shannon-Kotelnikov; Whittaker-Shannon-Kotelnikov; Whittaker-Nyquist-Kotelnikov-Shannon; Whittaker–Shannon sampling theorem; Whittaker–Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem; Whittaker-Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem; Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem
The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is a theorem in the field of signal processing which serves as a fundamental bridge between continuous-time signals and discrete-time signals. It establishes a sufficient condition for a sample rate that permits a discrete sequence of samples to capture all the information from a continuous-time signal of finite bandwidth.
Line-intercept sampling         
METHOD OF SAMPLING ELEMENTS IN A REGION WHEREBY AN ELEMENT IS SAMPLED IF A CHOSEN LINE SEGMENT, CALLED A “TRANSECT”, INTERSECTS THE ELEMENT
Line-intersect sampling; Line-transect sampling; Line intercept sampling; Line transect sampling; Line intersect sampling; Line transect method
In statistics, more specifically in biostatistics, line-intercept sampling (LIS) is a method of sampling elements in a region whereby an element is sampled if a chosen line segment, called a “transect”, intersects the element.Kaiser, L, 1983.
Sampling (statistics)         
  • A visual representation of selecting a random sample using the cluster sampling technique
  • A visual representation of selecting a random sample using the stratified sampling technique
  • A visual representation of selecting a random sample using the systematic sampling technique
SELECTION OF DATA POINTS IN STATISTICS
Sample (statistics); Statistical sampling; Sample survey; Random sampling; Random sample; Statistical sample; Sampling method; Sample population; Sample poppulation; Sampling (mathematics); Random allocation; Sample set; Representative sample; Sampling methods; Sample (probability); Sampling technique; Probability sample; Sampling techiques; Sampling techniques; Probability sampling; Sampling plan; Random sampling with replacement; Sampling (A level business); Random selection; Statistical Sample; Randomly selected; Unbiased sampling; Sampling Theory; Sampling scheme; Sample group; Data sample; Data sampling; N (statistics); With replacement; Without replacement; Double Labelling Experiment; Applications of statistical sampling; Random samples; Sample Surveys
In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. Statisticians attempt to collect samples that are representative of the population in question.
Centre, Wallonia         
  • Location of the region within Hainaut
AREA IN BELGIUM
Centre, Wallonia; Centre (Belgian region); Centre (Wallonia)
The Centre is the name of part of the Sillon industriel or industrial centre of Belgium. It is located in Wallonia between Mons (the Borinage) and Charleroi (the Pays Noir).
Centre region, Hainaut         
  • Location of the region within Hainaut
AREA IN BELGIUM
Centre, Wallonia; Centre (Belgian region); Centre (Wallonia)
The Centre or the Région du Centre is a region within the province of Hainaut in Wallonia, Belgium. It is part of the Sillon industriel or industrial centre of Belgium.
sample rate         
  • The top two graphs depict Fourier transforms of two different functions that produce the same results when sampled at a particular rate.  The baseband function is sampled faster than its Nyquist rate, and the bandpass function is undersampled, effectively converting it to baseband.  The lower graphs indicate how identical spectral results are created by the aliases of the sampling process.
MEASUREMENT OF A SIGNAL AT DISCRETE TIME INTERVALS
Data Compression/sampling frequency; Sampling rate; Digital audio sample; Sample rate; Digital sample; Digital samples; Sample time; Sample (signal); Sampling Frequency; Sampling (information theory); Digital audio samples; Sampler (signal); Sample frequency; 16-bit sample; Sampling interval; Digital audio sampling and dither; Sampling frequency; Sampling frequencies; Super-Nyquist sampling; Ms/s; Sampling period; Sample interval; Sampe rate; Audio sampling rate; I/Q sampling; Time resolved; Samples per second; Sampling time; Megasample; Kilosample; Sample (signal processing); 3D sampling; Complex sampling; Analog encoding
<digital signal processing> The number of times an analog signal is measured (sampled) per second. The unit of sample rate is "samples per second". This is often expressed in kiloHertz (kHz). For example, "CD quality" sound has a sample rate of 44 kHz. Compare data rate. See Nyquist frequency. [Is it correct to use Hertz for things other than the frequency of a sine wave?] (2001-06-06)
sampling frequency         
  • The top two graphs depict Fourier transforms of two different functions that produce the same results when sampled at a particular rate.  The baseband function is sampled faster than its Nyquist rate, and the bandpass function is undersampled, effectively converting it to baseband.  The lower graphs indicate how identical spectral results are created by the aliases of the sampling process.
MEASUREMENT OF A SIGNAL AT DISCRETE TIME INTERVALS
Data Compression/sampling frequency; Sampling rate; Digital audio sample; Sample rate; Digital sample; Digital samples; Sample time; Sample (signal); Sampling Frequency; Sampling (information theory); Digital audio samples; Sampler (signal); Sample frequency; 16-bit sample; Sampling interval; Digital audio sampling and dither; Sampling frequency; Sampling frequencies; Super-Nyquist sampling; Ms/s; Sampling period; Sample interval; Sampe rate; Audio sampling rate; I/Q sampling; Time resolved; Samples per second; Sampling time; Megasample; Kilosample; Sample (signal processing); 3D sampling; Complex sampling; Analog encoding

Википедия

Water sampling station

To enhance water quality monitoring in a drinking water network, water sampling stations are installed at various points along the network's route. These sampling stations are typically positioned at street level, where they connect to a local water main, and are designed as enclosed, secured boxes containing a small sink and spigot to aid in sample collection. Collected samples are analyzed for bacteria, chlorine levels, pH, inorganic and organic pollutants, turbidity, odor and many other water quality indicators.

In the United States, water sampling stations aid in public infrastructural safety in regards to water quality monitoring and help municipalities comply with federal and state drinking water regulations. New York City has 965 sampling stations that are distributed based on population density, water pressure zones, proximity to water mains and accessibility. The stations rise about 4½ feet above the ground and are made of heavy cast iron. Using these stations, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) collects more than 1,200 water samples per month from up to 546 locations.